Machine for cutting irregular shapes



(No Model.)

4 Sheets-Sheet; 1. 'I'. H. NIBRMANN. MACHINE POR CUTTING IRREGULB. SHAPES.

No. 443,535. Patented Deo. so; 1890.

v Y MEM/agay 'ma mums suena cul, rnowuwo., wmnm'on, n. c.

(No Model.)

F. H, N'IERMANN.

4 Sheets-Sheet 2..

MACHINE FOR'GUTTING IRRBGULAR SHAPBS.

Patented Deo; 30, 1890.

LNG. 443,535.

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(No Mael.)

4Sheets-Sheet 3.- F. H. NIERMANN. MACHINE POR CUTTING IRREGULAR SHAPES.

No. 443,535. Patented Deo. 30,1890.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

F. H. NIERMANN. MACHINE FOR CUTTING IRREGULAB. SHAPES.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEETCE.

FRANZ I-I. NIERMANN, OF JEFFERSON, MISSOURI.

MACHINE FOR CUTTINGIRREGULAR SHAFES.4

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 443,535, dated December 30, 1890.

Application filed March '7, 1890. Serial No. 343,214. (No model.)

.To all whom t may concern;

Beit known that I, FRANZ H. NTERMANN, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Jefferson, in the county of Cole and State of Missouri, have invented a new and useful Machine for Cutting Irregular Shapes, especially Saddle-Trees; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of my invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make, construct, and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which forni part of this specilication.

The object of my invention is to provide mechanism by means of which material while held stationary maybe shaped like a pattern and also held stationaryin the machine'by the direct action of a cutting-tool moved up and down across the material, the action of the cutting-tool being controlled by aform-wheel also moved up and down across the pattern. I-Ieretofore material has been shaped like patterns by bringing the surface of the material and pattern to the cutting-tool and the form-Wheel, respectively, by revolving the material and pattern in a turning-lathe, and the forms that could be reproduced by this method have been necessarily limited. By my invention, the material being stationary and the cutting-tool moved to meet the surface to be shaped, a greater variety of forms can be reproduced than can be when the material is revolved to bring the surface to be shaped'in contact with the cutting-tool and the work more satisfactorily done. Patterns in connection with form-wheels have been heretofore usedin turning-lathes to control cuttingtools to shape material after the patterns, and I do not, therefore, claim that broadly. I attainthis object by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings,in Which- Figure I is a side elevation. Fig. II is a plan View. Fig. III is a vertical section on line III III of Fig. IV. Fig. IV is a detailed top view of the feed-slide and dogs. Fig. V is an enlarged view of chuck and adjustable bar. Fig. VI is a vertical transverse section on line VI VI of Fig. V. Fig. VII is a vertical section on line VII VII of Fig. II, showing connection between cross-bar and reciprocating frame. Fig. VIII is a view of the lefthand end of the machine. Fig. IX is an enlarged detailed View of the cutting-tool. Fig. X is an enlarged section of form-wheel. Fig.

XI is an enlarged section of line XI XI of Fig. II, showing manner of adjusting formwheel spindle. Fig. XII is an enlarged vertical section on line XII XII ot' Fig. II, showing the movable center with its spring in the head and connections for moving the center in the head, the means of adjusting the head in the standard, and the standard on the shears. Fig. XIII is an enlarged vertical section on line XIII XIII of Fig. II, showing bearing of swinging frame and manner of driving pulley. Fig. XIV is a view of the right-hand end of the machine. Fig. XV is a detailed top view of slide with its cross-bar vand connections of cross-bar with disk-wheel. Fig. XVI is a vertical section on line XVI XVI of Fig. XV. Fig. XVII is a section on line XVII XVII of Fig. XVI, showing adjustable connection of pitman with disk-wheel. Fig. XVIII is a vertical longitudinal section on line XVIII XVIII of Fig. XIX, showing manner of clutch. Fig. XIX is a vertical horizontal section on line XIX XIX of Fig. XVIII, showing manner of engagement of forked lever with clutch.

Similar letters refer to corresponding parts in all figures.

A are shears dovetailed in guides a a', secured on the tops of the main standards B of the main frame. Adjustable on the shears Aare chucks O C', having standards b', with heads cc', having shanks d d', which pass into the standards b b and are adjustable therein by means of the set-screws c e', and secured on the heads c c are bases ff', with slotsg y', all as shown in Figs. I, II, and V.

Mounted on the bases ff in any suitable manner are different suitable devices for holding the patterns and material to be shaped. As a device specially adapted for shaping saddle-trees, the drawings show, mounted on the basesff, side bars h 71.', having their' ends pivoted together and to the bases by the pivotst'z" and adjustable on the bases by means of the toggles j j', of the bolts k 7o', which pass through the toggles and slotsg g in the bases, and of the thumbhuts Z l', as shown in Fig. V.

l) is a standard having a center m fixed in a head n, having a shank passing into the f standard D, the head being adjustable in the vother against the shoulder on center q.

standard D by means of the set-screw 29, and E is a standard having av movable center (l passing through a counterbored head r, having a shank s passing into the standard E and adjustable therein by means of the setscrew t. The center q, which has a head the base of which is larger in diameter than the shank of the center, formsy a shoulder on the center where the head and shank meet, is movable horizontally in the head r, andthe shank of center q is surrounded by a spiral spring il, one end of which spring bears against the shoulder in the head r and the The center (j is held against the niaterialby the spiral spring n, and is operated to releasev the material by means of the lever if, pivoted to thev outer end of the center q and having the link-connection yw with the lower part of the adjustable head r, all as shown in Figs. I, II, and XII.

F is a stop projecting yover the shears and adjustable thereon by means of: the clampnnt ai, as shown in Figs. I and II. The chucks C and C are adjustable on the shearsy by means et' the clampscrews ly yy and the clampnuts ,e z', andthe standards D and E are adjustable on the shears byr means of theclampscrews y2 fyi and the clamp-nuts s? z3, as shown in Figs. I and VI.

On the under side of the shears A is a rack G, operated to move the shears by a dog ni, pivoted to a slide II, operated by a cam n in the recess o in the slide II, which slide has on its outer end the plate p .to regulate the action of the cam on the slide II, and it is adjust able in the slot qin the outer end of the slide II by means of the clamp-screw i" and the clamp-nut s', the dog m being held in place by the spring t on the slide II. The slide II moves in a guide I, to which is pivoted the retaining-dog u', held in place by means of a spring r', secured on the guide I. The dogs in and u are adapted to be thrown out of engagement by means of a lever u", secured to the rear side of the guide I in any suitable manner that will permit it being pressed downward upon the dog nz', which dog then presses down the retaining-dog a', over which it works, thus throwing both dogs out of en gagement to permit the shears to be returned to the cam end of the machine, and on the front side of the guide I is secured a yoke ir to guide the lever 1I", all as shown in Figs. I, III, and IV.

To the other end of the shears from the cam is secured one end of the cord a2, which passes over the shcave Z, guided in the bracket ci, secured to the guide (i, and on the pendentend of the cord a2 is the weight d2, which is sufficiently heavy to keep the rack in place against the dogs `ni and u and to return the shears back through the guides a a to the cam end of the machine, when the dogs m yand III.

and u are thrown out ol engagement by tho lever in', which return is arrested by the stop e?, which is adjustable inv the slot f"e in the side of the shears by means ofy the clampserew and nut bl, for the purpose of enabling the return to be arrested at the desired point, all as shown in Fig. I. The sheave b2 for the cord a2 should be bracketed such a distance from the end of the shears to which the cord is secured toward the cam end of the machine and the cord should be of such length as to enable the weight dacting on the cord o? when the dogs m and u are thrown out of engagement, rto return the shears to and to allow them when operated yby the dogs in engagement to recede from the cam end of the machine the necessary and proper distance.

y.I is a vertical shaft journalcd in a bracket h1 on the under side ot' the guide I and in the has on its n i er end the cam n which thev l shaft J revolves inthe recess o of the slide II to operate that slide, as shown in Figs. II At the lower end of shaft .I is the The upperv bevelinion h2 meshinrar into the bevel-wheel i2, secured on the horizontal shaft L, which is journaled on the cross-bars M and N of the main frame. On the inner end of shaft L is the disk-wheel O, having therein the slot vj?. To the disk-wheel() is pivoted the lower end of a pitman P bv mea-ns of the wrist-pin 7a2, which passes through the slot ji and is adjustable therein by means of the clamp-nut Z2. The upper end of the pitman Pis pivoted by a wrist-pin m2 to the cross-bar Q, which is secured to the slide R, moving vertically in the guide S, which is secured to the inner side of the cross-bar 'l of the main frame, all as shown in Figs. I, VIII, XIV, XV, XVI, and XVII.

To each end of the cross-bar Q are pivoted the lower ends oi' links n?, the upper ends of which are pivoted to the inner ends of the horizontal pivoted frames U, as shown in Figs. VII, VIII, XIV, and I. The pitman I) has a radial movement from the cross-bar Q. The outer ends of the horizontal frames U turn on bushings o?, fixed in bearings p2 on front standards V and IV and on rear standards X and Y of the main frame, and the shaft Z is journaled in the bushings ogen frontstandards V and \V, and the shaft A is journaled inthe bushings o2 on rear standards X and Y, as shown in Figs. VIII and XIV. rlhe shaft Z carries on its outer end the loose drivingpulley Q2 and the fixed driving-pulley fl and between the bushings or2 the fixed flange-pulley L. The shaft A carries on its outer end the loose dliving-pulleyil2 and the fixed drivingpulley s2, and on its other end the fixed cone-pulley C2, and between the inner ends ot' the bushings oI the fixed `[lange-pulley D', as shown in Figs. XIII and II. The inner ends of the horizontal frames U are pivoted to the lower ends of the vertical frames E and also to the upper ends of thelinks1i'by the shafts IOO IIO

F', which carry the loose flange 'cone-pulleys G', as shown in Figs. VIII, VII, and XIV.

In the upper ends of standards u2 and standards x2 of the vertical frames E' are journaled shafts II', which carry between the standards u2 and :r2 the fixed pulleys I', and on their outer ends the cutting-tools a3, held adjustably thereon by means of adjustable collars h3 and jam-nuts c3, as shown in Figs. I, II, and IX. The form-wheels J turn on spindles K', having squared ends, by which they are secured to the slides L' between the lugs d3 on the tops of the slides L. The formwheels are adjustable on the spindles by means of adjustable collars c4 and jam-nuts (Z4, as shown in Figs. I, X, and VI. The slides L' move horizontally `in 'guides M', secured in the upper ends of standards rc2 and to the sides of standards x2 of the vertical frames, and are adjustable to and from the patternchuck C in the guides M' by means of clampnuts es and clamp screws f3, which pass through the longitudinal slots g3 on the guides M', through the slides L', and through the ends of the form-Wheel spindles K', secured to the slides L', Figs. I and XI. The standards to2 of the vertical frames are shorter than the standards u2 and x2 of those frames, in order that the spindles K', when the slides L are in place in the guides M', may be in the same horizontal planes as the shafts I-I', which carry the cutting-tools, Fig. I. The form-wheels and cutting-tools, which are of the same diameter when an exact reproduction of the pattern is desired, are not in the same vertical planes, respectively, but are so adjusted as to pass each other over the top of the pattern and material, respectively, and their relative positions on the vertical frames is such that one form-wheel will rest against each side of the pattern and one cutting-tool against each side 'of the material when the vertical frames are in engagement and the pattern and material in place, Figs. I and II. The flange-pulleyB' on shaft Z and the flange-pulley D' on shaft A' are connected with a loose flange cone-pulley G' on shafts F' by belts N'pand flange cone-pulleys G' are connected with fixed flange-pulleys I on shafts II by belts O', Figs. I, II, and VIII. The vertical frames are so pivoted to the horizontal frames that they incline at a small angle toward the chucks and centers when in engagement, Figs. VIII and XIV, and the distance to which the form-wheels and cutting-tool will be lowered and raised by the vertical frames is regulated by the adjustment of the pitman P in the slot j? in the disk-wheel O, Figs. VIII, XIV, and XVI.

To the side of the standard IV is pivoted the lever h3, and secured to standard IV is the quadrant-rack for holding the lcver h3 in engagement, Fig. XIV.

The sheave Iis journaled on a stud 7a3, secured on the rear horizontal frame U, and to the rearvertical frame at a suitable height is secured in any suitable manner a cord Z3,

Awhich passes back over the sheave jg, and

then to the front of the machine and over the sheave m3, journaled on a stud g4, secured on the front horizontal frame U, and then down to the lever h3, to which it is secured in any suitable manner at a suitable distance from the pivoted end of that lever.

To the vertical frame in the front of the machine is secured at a suitable height in any suitable manner a cord 03, which passes forward over the sheave p3, journaled on the stud g4,secured on the front horizontal frame U, and then down to the lever h3, to which it is secured, as was cord Z3, Figs. II and XIV. The cords Z3 and o3 are of such length and so secured to lever h3 that when lever h3 is forced down it will operate both cords at about the same time and cause them t0 swing the vertical frames forward and backward clear of the chucks and centers. To the vertical frames E' are secured in any suitable inanner cords g3, which pass over sheaves r3, turning in brackets s3, secured to the under side of guide a', so that one of the brackets faces to the front and the other to the rear of the machine, and to the pendent ends of the cords Q3 are secured balance-weights t3 at such distance from the brackets s3 that when the vertical frames are thrown out of engagement by the lever h3 they will be prevented from dropping out too far by the balance-weights t3 coming in contact with the brackets s3. The balance-weights t3 are heavy enough to draw the vertical frames back into engagement when the lever h3 is released from the quadrant-rack i3 and to hold them there While the work is being done, Figs. VIII and XIV.

In the rear of the machine is the shaft P', jonrnaled on cross-bars M and N of the main frame, having secured on its inner end the geared pinion Q', Figs. VIII .and XIV, and on shaft I, between cross-bars M and N, is a clutch c3, which slides on a feather, and a clutch-pulley R', having the face w3 to engage the clutch es, turning loose on the shaft P and held in place by the collar h4, Fig. II. A lever S is engaged in a groove in the clutch c3 and is pivoted to move laterally by pivot c4 to a standard T', secured to the cross-bar N of the inain frame, and the lever S passes up above the shears, so that the stop F may come in contact with it when the work has passed under the cutting-tools to the end of the pattern, or as far as may be desired, to throw the clutch ci out of engagement and to enable the operator to put the clutch c3 into engagement by moving lever S' with his hand.

The shaft U' is j ournaled on the rear standards V' and IV of the main frame and carries fixed pulley Y' and fixed cone-pulley X'.

The cone-pulley X' is connected with conepulley ()2 on the shaft A' by a belt y, and flange-pulley Y' with clutch-pulley R on shaft P' by the belt a4, Figs. II, VIII, and XIV. A driving-belt on drivingpulley s2 drives shaft A', with cone-pulley C2, causing belts y' and at IOC IIO

to operate the feed mechanism and the meehanism for moving the form-wheels and cutting-tools on the vertical frames up and down across the pattern and material, and also revolves the form-wheel and cutting-tool on the rear vertical frame, and a driving-belt on driving-pulley f drives shaft Z and revolves the form-wheel and cutting-tool on the front vertical frame. Pinion h2 may be half the circumference of bevel-wheel t2, as shown in the drawings, when the cam will revolve twice while the form-wheels and cutting-tools are traveling up and back again, or it may be the same size of the bevel-wheel, when it will make butonerevolution while the form-wheels and cutting-tools are traveling up and back.

To use my machine the Vertical frames E are thrown away from the chucks C C and the centers on, and q by forcing down lever h3 and engaging it in the quadrant-rack The chucks and standards carrying the centers are loosened on the shears. The pattern is secured on the base j" of chuck C and the material on the base f of chuck C' by suitable devices. Chuck C is adjusted on the shears conveniently for the work to be done and clamped. The movable centerq is then forced into the material, so that it will beheld tirmly in position by spiral spring u, and clamped 011 the shears. The shears A are then adjusted so that the euttingtools as will be in position to commence work when adj usted by means of lever w', the hand, and the stop e2, and clamped by clamp-screw and nut b4. The pattern-chuck is then adjusted on the shears so that the pattern will be between the for1nwheel spindles and clamped. The center m is then forced against the end of the pattern by means of its standard D, which is then clamped. The set-screws e, e', p, and t are then tightened. The form-wheels J are then adjusted on their spindles K', so that they will commence traversing' the pattern in the right place, and clamped. The stop F is then adjusted to throw the clutch out of engagement when the work is done and clamped. The plate p is then adjusted to regulate the speed of the shears and clamped. The Vshears are returned to stop e2, the lever 71.3 released from the rack i3, and the vertical frames brought into engagement by the weights qs. The driving-belts are connected with pulleys si and f4 and the clutch brought into engagement with the hand, and the machine is then in operation and the work commenced. lelts l." and O drive the cutting-tools, and belts y* and d" clutch pulley R when out of engagement as a loose pulley, but when in engagement as a fixed pulley it operates the mechanism which operates the feed and vertical frames. The vertical frames move the forn1-wheels and cutting-tools up and down across the pattern and material, and the shears, moved by the feed device, carry the pattern and material from one end to the other under the form-wheels and cuttingtools, respectively, and the form-wheels are thus enabled to t'averse the whole surface of the pattern and to control the eutting-tools, following them over the material to shape the material after the pattern. Then only one form-wheel and cutting-tool is required, one vertical frame may be thrown out of engagement with the hand. lVhen the work has passed beneath the cutting-tools to the end of the pattern, or as far as maybe desired, the lever S' comes in contact with stop F, which throws the clutch out of engagement. The shears arethen returned and the work again passed underthe cutting-tools when necessary, and this is repeated until the material has been shaped according to the pattern. The work can then be removed by throwing the vertical frames out of engagement and loosening the device, securing it to the base and drawing away center q by means of lever c, and the pattern by releasing it from the bascf and drawing away center m.

llaving fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure Letters Patent for, is-

l. The combination of shears, guides for the shears to move in, chucks on the shears having bases on their heads, a fixed center in a head in a standard on the shears, and a movable center having a counterbored head with a shank that passes into a standard on the shears, and mechanism for operating the movable center, consisting of a spring in the eounterbored head surrounding the shank of the movable center, a shoulder in the counterbored head, and a shoulder on the movable center for the ends of the spring to bear against, a lever pivoted to the outer end of the movable center, and a lin k-eonnection between the lever and the lower part of the counterbored head, all substantially as described.

2. The combination of shears, a rack under the shears, a dog secured to a slide to operate the rack to move the shears and the slide, a spring on the slide to hold the dog in place in the rack, a cam, a recess in the slide for the cam to revolve in to operate the slide, a shaft to revolve the cam, a plate adjustable in a slot in the slide behind the recess for the cam to regulate the action of the cam on the slide, a guide for the slide to move in, a retaining-dog on the guide, a spring on the guide to hold the retainingdog in place in the rack, a cord secured to the other end of the shears from the cam, a sheave for the cord, a guide for the sheave, and a weight on the pendent end of the cord, all substantially as described.

8. The combination of shaft L, disk-wheel O, pitman P, wrist-pins k2 and m2, cross-bar Q,sl1de R, guide S, links n2, horizontal frames U, vertical frames E', shafts F pulleys G', shafts Z and A', bushings 02, pulleys B and D', shafts H', pulleys I', and belts N and O', all substantially as described.

4f. The combination of shaft L, disk-wheel O, pitman P, wrist-pins k2 and m2, cross-bar IOO Q, slide R, guide S, links n2, horizontal frames U, vertical frames E', shafts F', shafts Z and A', bushings o2, cords g3, sheaves r3, guides s3, and Weights t3, all substantially as described.

5. The combination of shaft P', clutch o3, clutch-pulley R', lever S', engaging the clutch, pivot e4, the stop F, geared pinion Q', shaft L, disk-Wheel O, pitlnan P, Wrist-pins k2 and m2, cross-bar Q, slide R, guide S, links n2, horizontal frames U, vertical frames E', shaft F', cone-pulleys G', shafts Z and A', bushings of, pulleys B' and D', shafts H', fixed pulleys l', spindles K', slides L', guides M', belts N' and O', fixed cone-pulley C2, shaft U', xed cone-pulley X', fixed pulley Y', and belts g4 and a', all substantially as described.

6. The combination of the shaft L, diskwheel O, pitman P, Wrist-pins 7a2 and m2, crossbar Q, slide R, guide S, links n2, horizontal frames U, vertical frames E', shafts F', bushings o2, and shafts Z and A', all substantially as described.

7. The combination of shaft P', clutch 113, clutch-pulley R', having face w3, lever S', pivot e4, stop F, geared pinion Q', shaft L, disk-Wheel AO, pitman P, Wrist-pins 7a2 and m2, cross-bar Q, slide R, guide S, links n2, horizontal frames U, vertical frames E', shafts F', loose cone-pulleys G', shafts Z and A', bushings o2, fixed pulleys B' and D', shafts H', fixed pulleys I', belts N' and O', fixed pulley C2, shaft U', fixed cone-pulley X', fixed pulley Y', belts (g4 and a4, bevel- Wheel t2, shaft J, pinion h2, cam a', slide H, having recess o', dog m', spring t', guide l, dog a', spring v', rack G, shears A, cord a", sheave b2, bracket c2, and Weight d2, all substantially as described.

8. The combination of the shaft P', clutch fc3, clutch-pulley R', lever S', pivot e', stop F, geared pinion Q', shaft L, disk-Wheel O, pitinan P, Wrist-pins k2 and rm2,c1'oss-bar Q, slide R, guide S, links n2, horizontal frames U, vertical frarnes E', shafts F', loose cone-pulleys G', shafts Z and A', bushings o?, fixed pulleys B' and D', shafts H', fixed pulleys I', cutting-tools a3, adjustable on shaft H', spindles K', forni-Wheels J', adjustable 0n spindles K', guides M', with their slots g3, slides L', belts ll' and O', fixed cone pulley C2, shaft U', fixed cone-pulley X', fixed pulley Y', belts 'J4 and a4, bevel-wheel t2, shaft J, pinion h2, cam n', slide H, recess o' in slide H, dog m', spring t', guide I, dog u', spring fu', rack G, shears A, cord a2, sheave b2, bracket c2, and Weight d?, all substantially as desoribed.

9. In combination with a center, the bases ff', with their slots g g', the side bars 7L h', the pivots t' t', the togglesjj", the bolts 7e 7c', and the thumb-nuts Z Z', all substantially as described.

10. The combination of a rack, a slide, a dog secured to the slide to operate the rack, a spring on the slide to hold the dog in place in the rack, a cam, a recess in the slide for the cam to revolve in to operate the slide, a shaft to revolve the cam, a guide for the slide to move in, a retaining-dog on the guide, and a spring on the-guide to hold the retainingdog in place in the rack, all substantially as described.

ll. The combination of shears, a rack under the shears, a dog secured to a slide to operate the rack to move the shears, the slide, a'spring on the slide to hold the dog in place in the rack, a cam, a recess in the slide for the cam to revolve in to operate the slide, a shaft to revolve the cam, a guide for the slide to move in, a retaining-dog` on the guide, a spring on the guide to hold the retainingdog in place in the rack, a lever to throw the dogs out of engagement, suitably secured to the guide, and a yoke on the guide to guide the lever, all substantially as described.

FRANZ H. NIERMANN.

Witnesses:

FRANCIS F. TIRRELL, ANDREW J. BROWN. 

